In the 1368 the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) was instituted by Zhu Yuan hang, styled Taizu of Ming. After Zhu Li, the fourth son of the Taizu of Ming, succeeded to the throne, he embarked upon large-scale construction projects of the city wall and moat, palaces and temples in Beijing, and later on officially transferred the capital northward to Beijing.

    The Ming Dynasty witnessed a definite improvement in agriculture and handicrafts, and toward its concluding stage even witnessed rudiment of capitalism . Meanwhile frequent friendly contacts with the countries in Asia and Africa were made. 

     During the later period of the Ming Dynasty arose a new military power in the Northeast of China. Led by Nu'erhachi , their chieftain , the Manchu tribesmen on horsebacks struggled with the Ming forces for three generations at the Great Wall , and finally established the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)in 1644 . The two most renowned Qing emperors were Emperor Kang Xi (1661-1722 ) and Emperor Qian Long (1735-1796 ),whose reigns were recognized as the"heyday in Kang-Qian Period".

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